{"id":10122,"date":"2015-09-24T03:00:55","date_gmt":"2015-09-24T02:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/?p=10122"},"modified":"2023-11-01T03:01:28","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T03:01:28","slug":"some-linux-one-line-cmds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/some-linux-one-line-cmds\/","title":{"rendered":"Some Linux One Line Cmds"},"content":{"rendered":"
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lsblk<\/span>
\nNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT<\/span>
\nsda 8:0 0 1.4T 0 disk <\/span>
\n\/dev\/sda1 8:1 0 1.4T 0 part \/1500GB<\/span>
\nsdb 8:16 0 931.5G 0 disk <\/span>
\n\/dev\/sdb1 8:17 0 931.5G 0 part \/Quadra<\/span>
\nsdc 8:32 0 149.1G 0 disk <\/span>
\n\u00e2\u201d\u00e2\u201d\u20acsdc1 8:33 0 142.6G 0 part \/<\/span>
\n\u00e2\u201d\u00e2\u201d\u20acsdc2 8:34 0 1K 0 part <\/span>
\n\/dev\/sdc5 8:37 0 6.5G 0 part [SWAP]<\/span>
\nsdd 8:48 0 931.5G 0 disk <\/span>
\n\/dev\/sdd1 8:49 0 931.5G 0 part \/Storebird<\/span><\/p>\n

Always forget how to spell certain words? Look uses the dictionary unless other arg given:<\/p>\n

look nece<\/span>
\nnecessaries<\/span>
\nnecessarily<\/span>
\nnecessary<\/span>
\nnecessary's<\/span>
\nnecessitate<\/span>
\nnecessitated<\/span>
\nnecessitates<\/span>
\nnecessitating<\/span>
\nnecessities<\/span>
\nnecessity<\/span>
\nnecessity's<\/span><\/p>\n

I don't know if \"find\" can find file types<\/strong><\/em>; So I just created a handy line for removing various\u00a0text files so you can be selective - or any type<\/em><\/strong> that the file<\/span> command recognises - probably better ways to do it, but the fun of linux tools is creating your own step by step that work for you! Rewarding! I needed to remove lots of *txt files, some of which are empty. It lists the file types; greps key word; prints\u00a0only column 1 with colon; removes the colon; runs rm for that filename.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

file *txt
\nbobtest.txt: empty <\/span>
\nfileA.txt: empty <\/span>
\nfileB.txt: empty <\/span>
\nfileC.txt: empty <\/span>
\ngaussian.txt: ASCII text<\/span>
\nhistlist.txt: UTF-8 Unicode text<\/span>
\nperflist.txt: ASCII text<\/span>
\nrandom.txt: ASCII text<\/span>
\nwlan.txt: ASCII text<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

file * | grep empty<\/strong> | awk '{print $1}' | sed s\/:\/\/g | xargs rm -v<\/span><\/p>\n

To remove the others, replace type (empty, ASCII, UTF, or just \"text\" will cover them etc), after grep.<\/p>\n

You can\u00a0remove all in first go, grep txt. obviously, or just :<\/p>\n

rm -v *txt<\/span><\/p>\n

but that doesn't give a chance to check them as a wrongly named file\/other of other type, so could be a big mistake.<\/p>\n

Delete all local mail:<\/p>\n

Held 7 messages in \/var\/mail\/stevee<\/span>
\nstevee@AMD ~ $ mail<\/span><\/p>\n

U 7 Cron Daemon Sat Aug 13 00:30 23\/1034 Cron <stevee@AMD> rsync -<\/span>
\n? d*<\/span><\/strong>
\n? q<\/span><\/p>\n

From Linux Server Hacks, if you have created \/home\/user\/bin, then it should be added to your $PATH for your own scripts due to .profile<\/span> :<\/p>\n

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists<\/span>
\nif [ -d \"$HOME\/bin\" ] ; then<\/span>
\n PATH=\"$HOME\/bin:$PATH\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

create this disk usage alias by adding it to your .bash_aliases so retained on reboot:<\/span>
\nalias ducks='du -cks * | sort -rn | head -11'<\/span><\/p>\n

now cd to any dir, and run it - if you want -h, it wont show largest files in hi-low order as M is above G:<\/span><\/p>\n

ducks
\n<\/span>54191636 total<\/span>
\n43135152 Videos<\/span>
\n10894868 Downloads<\/span>
\n107972 Documents<\/span>
\n45568 Desktop<\/span>
\n6396 Pictures<\/span>
\n1644 Cprogs<\/span>
\n20 Music<\/span>
\n12 bin<\/span>
\n4 setuid.txt<\/span><\/p>\n

only way round G\/M size for du is set the blocksize to your biggest file size units, e.g. -BG for Gig size files e.g.:<\/p>\n

du -BG \/Storebird\/Vids\/ | sort -nr | head -5<\/span>
\n135G \/Storebird\/Vids\/<\/span>
\n29G \/Storebird\/Vids\/Cosmos<\/span>
\n17G \/Storebird\/Vids\/DavidIcke<\/span>
\n10G \/Storebird\/Vids\/MadMcann<\/span>
\n9G \/Storebird\/Vids\/DavidIcke\/Icke-FeedomRd<\/span><\/p>\n

so, alias BIGducks!<\/p>\n

vi .bash_aliases<\/span>
\nstevee@AMD ~ $ alias BIGducks='du -cBG * | sort -nr | head -11'<\/span>
\nstevee@AMD ~ $ BIGducks<\/span>
\n52G total<\/span>
\n42G Videos<\/span>
\n11G Downloads<\/span>
\n1G Videos\/screencasts<\/span>
\n1G setuid.txt<\/span>
\n1G Pictures\/screenshots<\/span>
\n1G Pictures<\/span>
\n1G Music<\/span>
\n1G Downloads\/VirtualRadar\/zh-CN<\/span>
\n1G Downloads\/VirtualRadar\/Web\/script\/vrs<\/span>
\n1G Downloads\/VirtualRadar\/Web\/script\/jquiplugin<\/span><\/p>\n

Find setuid a=s files with:<\/p>\n

sudo find \/usr\/bin\/ -perm +6000 -type f -exec ls -ld {} +; > setuid.txt<\/span><\/p>\n

sudo find \/usr\/bin\/ -perm +a=s -type f<\/span><\/p>\n

change file's mod time:<\/span><\/p>\n

touch -d \"Jun 22 18:03\" file.txt<\/span><\/p>\n

This did a good job of recovering lost files to \/tmp\/recover from a Sportcam SDcard that was DD'd to\u00a0lizard.img:<\/p>\n

photorec \/d \/tmp\/recover \/cmd lizard.img partition_none,options,fileopt,everything,enable,search<\/span><\/p>\n

History Expansion<\/p>\n

The shell offers a specialized type of expansion for items in the history list by using the
\n! character. We have already seen how the exclamation point can be followed by a
\nnumber to insert an entry from the history list. There are a number of other expansion fea-
\ntures:
\nTable 8-6: History Expansion Commands
\nSequence Action
\n!! Repeat the last command. It is probably easier to press up arrow and
\nenter.
\n!number Repeat history list item number.
\n!string Repeat last history list item starting with string.
\n!?string Repeat last history list item containing string. Fab!!<\/strong><\/em><\/span>
\nI would caution against using the !string and !?string forms unless you are absolutely
\nsure of the contents of the history list items.<\/p>\n

!?nbt<\/span>
\nnbtscan 192.168.1.1-254<\/span>
\nDoing NBT name scan for addresses from 192.168.1.1-254<\/span><\/p>\n

IP address NetBIOS Name Server User MAC address <\/span>
\n----<\/span>
\n192.168.1.16 AMD <server> AMD 00:00:00:00:00:00<\/span>
\n192.168.1.10 DELLMINT <server> DELLMINT 00:00:00:00:00:00<\/span>
\n192.168.1.11 HPMINT <server> HPMINT 00:00:00:00:00:00<\/span>
\n192.168.1.216 PIBLANC <server> PIBLANC 00:00:00:00:00:00<\/span>
\n192.168.1.212 SOUTH <server> SOUTH 00:00:00:00:00:00<\/span>
\n192.168.1.213 PINOIR <server> PINOIR 00:00:00:00:00:00<\/span>
\n192.168.1.217 PIFRONT <server> PIFRONT 00:00:00:00:00:00<\/span><\/p>\n

Passwords<\/strong><\/p>\n

user can change own pword as setuid bit is set to root for this command, so user becomes root while it runs:<\/p>\n

ls -al \/usr\/bin\/passwd<\/span>
\n-rws<\/strong>r-xr-x 1 root root 47032 Jul 15 20:29 \/usr\/bin\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

passwd -h<\/span><\/p>\n

Options:<\/span>
\n -a, --all report password status on all accounts (not in Mint!)<\/span>
\n -d, --delete delete the password for the named account<\/span>
\n -e, --expire force expire the password for the named account<\/span>
\n -h, --help display this help message and exit<\/span>
\n -k, --keep-tokens change password only if expired<\/span>
\n -i, --inactive INACTIVE set password inactive after expiration<\/span>
\n to INACTIVE<\/span>
\n -l, --lock lock the password of the named account<\/span>
\n -n, --mindays MIN_DAYS set minimum number of days before password<\/span>
\n change to MIN_DAYS<\/span>
\n -q, --quiet quiet mode<\/span>
\n -r, --repository REPOSITORY change password in REPOSITORY repository<\/span>
\n -R, --root CHROOT_DIR directory to chroot into<\/span>
\n -S, --status report password status on the named account<\/span>
\n -u, --unlock unlock the password of the named account<\/span>
\n -w, --warndays WARN_DAYS set expiration warning days to WARN_DAYS<\/span>
\n-x, --maxdays MAX_DAYS set maximum number of days before password<\/span>
\n change to MAX_DAYS<\/span><\/p>\n

Find only first 10 real users unames in \/etc\/passwd (Mint)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Real (non system) users start at grp no. 1000, so sorting unames in \/etc\/passwd by group number 1000-1009 using grep, with 4th char, NOT \":\" to remove group 100: = user libuuid<\/p>\n

Just \"100.\" gives groups containing 100. so no good<\/p>\n

DELLMINT stevee # cat \/etc\/passwd | sort | grep\u00a0100.<\/span>
\nbill:x:1002:1001:,,,:\/home\/bill:\/bin\/bash<\/span>
\neng:x:1001:1001:,,,:\/home\/eng:\/bin\/bash<\/span>
\njoe:x:1003:1002:,,,:\/home\/joe:\/bin\/bash<\/span>
\nlibuuid:x:100:101::\/var\/lib\/libuuid:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

so add 100.[:]<\/p>\n

cat \/etc\/passwd | grep 100.[:]<\/span>
\nstevee:x:1000:1000:stevee,,,:\/home\/stevee:\/bin\/bash<\/span>
\ngeddylee:x:1001:1001:,,,:\/home\/geddylee:\/bin\/bash<\/span><\/p>\n

or of course:<\/p>\n

cat \/etc\/passwd | sort | grep 100[0-9]<\/span><\/p>\n

(find blank lines and\/or how many in a file, using the \"anchors\" - the start and end of line chars - which every line MUST have!<\/p>\n

grep '^$' file.txt | wc -l<\/span><\/p>\n

Blank Line Stripper<\/strong><\/p>\n

Use that with sed to delete (d)\u00a0the blank lines from a file:<\/p>\n

stevee@Mint5630 ~\/Documents\/SEDAWK $ grep '^.*$' books<\/span>
\nHere are the books that you requested<\/span><\/p>\n

Yes, it is a good book for children<\/span><\/p>\n

It is amazing to think that it was called a \"harmful book\"<\/span><\/p>\n

when<\/span>
\nonce you get to the end of the book, you can't believe<\/span>
\nstevee@Mint5630 ~\/Documents\/SEDAWK $ grep '^.*$' books | sed '\/^$\/d'<\/span>
\nHere are the books that you requested<\/span>
\nYes, it is a good book for children<\/span>
\nIt is amazing to think that it was called a \"harmful book\"<\/span>
\nwhen<\/span>
\nonce you get to the end of the book, you can't believe<\/span><\/p>\n

Or awk using a sed type search method:<\/p>\n

awk '\/100.[:]\/' \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

All users starting with a\"b\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0awk '\/^b\/' \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

bin:x:2:2:bin:\/bin:\/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/span>
\nbackup:x:34:34:backup:\/var\/backups:\/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/span>
\nbill:x:1002:1002:,,,:\/home\/bill:\/bin\/bash<\/span><\/p>\n

3Copy an MBR<\/b><\/p>\n

Use: # dd if=\/dev\/sda of=\/mbr bs=512 count=1<\/span><\/p>\n

to copy and...<\/p>\n

Use: # dd if=\/mbr of=\/dev\/hda bs=1 count=64 skip=446 seek=446<\/span><\/p>\n

to write it back<\/p>\n

This is the WinNT cmd line for dd-0.5 that copies from the unmounted hidden partition0 on a Vista pc:<\/p>\n

dd.exe if=\\\\?\\Device\\Harddisk0\\Partition0 of=\\\\.\\d:\/mbr bs=512 count=1<\/p>\n

DYNDNS<\/p>\n

ddclient -query<\/span><\/p>\n

Learn VIM!!! Or another non-X windows text editor like Nano etc.<\/p>\n

apt-get install vim<\/span><\/p>\n

vimtutor<\/span><\/p>\n

You can open a file at specific word using # vi +\/\"word\" \/file.txt or at a line number<\/p>\n

vi +30 \/webmin-setup.out<\/span><\/p>\n

cat -n \/xpkgs.txt (adds line numbers to file contents)<\/span><\/p>\n

arp -a<\/span><\/p>\n

hdparm -i \/dev\/hda - gives all info on device:<\/span><\/p>\n

finger username<\/span><\/p>\n

apt-get install bwm-ng<\/span> (bandwidth monitor)<\/p>\n

grpck<\/span> - checks group files integrity:<\/p>\n

blkid \/dev\/sda1<\/span> find what filesystem is on a partition<\/p>\n

less \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0<\/span> info on bonded ethernet cards<\/p>\n

rsync --dry-run -e ssh --verbose --progress --stats --compress --recursive --times --perms --links --delete --exclude \"\/sys\" --exclude \"\/dev\" --exclude \"\/proc\" --exclude \"*bak\" \/* user@remoteserver.com:backupfolder<\/span><\/p>\n

(..Notice the --dry-run [-n] option to just test the transfer without actually sending files. It's a good idea to put this -n at the end of the line so you can delete it once you have dry-run and happy with what occurs!<\/p>\n

Note also the --delete option READ THE MAN PAGE FOR THESE OPTIONS - they may not do as you think. Finally note the -e ssh to ensure the transfer is actually secure. Once you are happy the process is working simple remove the -dry-run). So, a real practical net transfer command may be:<\/p>\n

rsync -e ssh --verbose --progress --compress --recursive \u00a0\/home\/stevee\/Cprogs\/* stevee@dellmint:\/home\/stevee\/Cprogs\/<\/span><\/p>\n

which with recursive, archive mode, compression, human readable and visible progress\u00a0reduces to:<\/p>\n

rsync -e ssh -vrazh --progress \/home\/stevee\/Cprogs\/* stevee@dellmint:\/home\/stevee\/Cprogs\/<\/span><\/p>\n

Warning: the ECDSA host key for 'dellmint' differs from the key for the IP address '192.168.1.4'<\/span>
\nOffending key for IP in \/home\/stevee\/.ssh\/known_hosts:1<\/span>
\nMatching host key in \/home\/stevee\/.ssh\/known_hosts:12<\/span>
\nAre you sure you want to continue connecting (yes\/no)? yes<\/span>
\nstevee@dellmint's password: <\/span>
\nsending incremental file list<\/span>
\nRSYNCTEST.txt<\/span>
\n 0 100% 0.00kB\/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=138\/145)<\/span><\/p>\n

sent 3.38K bytes received 37 bytes 402.47 bytes\/sec<\/span>
\ntotal size is 627.17K speedup is 183.33<\/span><\/p>\n

If you wanted to delete the files at the other end that DON'T exist at the sending side to keep the send and receive sides identical say, use the\u00a0--delete-excluded <\/em><\/strong>option. BE SURE this is what you want! Files at the other end will be deleted - be sure you don't need them first if they don't exist on the sending side!!<\/p>\n

du -ah \/LVM80G\/<\/span><\/p>\n

df -h \/dev\/sda1<\/span><\/p>\n

route add -net default gw x.x.x.x<\/span> (sets the default gateway for pc with static IP set via<\/p>\n

ifconfig<\/span><\/p>\n

can be automated at boot by adding gateway=x.x.x.x to \/etc\/network\/interfaces file<\/p>\n

grep $stg \/filename<\/span><\/p>\n

ls -a \/Share\/ | grep \"^v\"<\/span> (find a file in \/share beginning with small \"v\")<\/p>\n

ls -a \/Share\/ | grep \"^[^v]\"\u00a0<\/span>(find a file in \/Share NOT beginning with small \"v\" - NOTE diff meanings of ^ inside [ie NOT = ] or outside the []), ie ^=start of line.<\/p>\n

Like solving crosswords..? Use the \".\" for a single character match of 5 letter words starting with c and ending with h:<\/p>\n

grep \"\\<c...h\\>\" \/usr\/share\/dict\/words<\/span><\/p>\n

You can also OP the contents of a whole file like using cat by finding ALL the chars in a file eg:<\/p>\n

grep '.*' \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

or<\/p>\n

awk '{print $0}' \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

root:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash<\/span><\/p>\n

daemon:x:1:1:daemon:\/usr\/sbin:\/bin\/sh<\/span><\/p>\n

bin:x:2:2:bin:\/bin:\/bin\/sh<\/span><\/p>\n

sys:x:3:3:sys:\/dev:\/bin\/sh<\/span><\/p>\n

sync:x:4:65534:sync:\/bin:\/bin\/sync<\/span><\/p>\n

games:x:5:60:games:\/usr\/games:\/bin\/sh<\/span><\/p>\n

man:x:6:12:man:\/var\/cache\/man:\/bin\/sh<\/span><\/p>\n

...trunc...Also, my grep OP is colorised green for easy result view from editing the .bashrc file in home dir, and adding grep = grep -r as an alias, as other examples given<\/p>\n

DMESG (gives debug info of current startup events) and Notices<\/p>\n

dmesg<\/span><\/p>\n

or can be read\/searched directly from file:<\/p>\n

vi \/var\/log\/dmesg<\/span><\/p>\n

Edit \/etc\/syslog.conf<\/span> removing the # on the news, debug and notice \/dev\/tty8 lines as below to show system notices, like info on a newly plugged USB stick etc. Press Ctrl-Alt-F8 to see tty8.<\/p>\n

# I like to have messages displayed on the console, but only on a virtual<\/span><\/p>\n

# console I usually leave idle.<\/span><\/p>\n

#daemon,mail.*;\\<\/span><\/p>\n

news.=crit;news.=err;news.=notice;\\<\/span><\/p>\n

*.=debug;*.=info;\\<\/span><\/p>\n

*.=notice;*.=warn \/dev\/tty8<\/span><\/p>\n

find . -type f -not -empty | wc -l<\/span><\/p>\n

apropos find<\/span><\/p>\n

chkdupexe (1) - find duplicate executables<\/span><\/p>\n

dcopfind (1) - Find the DCOP reference of a KDE service<\/span><\/p>\n

exinext (8) - Finding individual retry times<\/span><\/p>\n

exiwhat (8) - Finding out what Exim processes are doing<\/span><\/p>\n

find (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy<\/span><\/p>\n

find2perl (1) - translate find command lines to Perl code<\/span><\/p>\n

findaffix (1) - Interactive spelling checking<\/span><\/p>\n

findfs (8) - Find a filesystem by label or UUID<\/span><\/p>\n

findsmb (1) - list info about machines that respond to SMB name queries on a subnet<\/span><\/p>\n

gift (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-add-collection.pl (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-diagnose-print-all-ADI.pl (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-dtd-to-keywords.pl (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-dtd-to-tex.pl (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-endianize (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-extract-features (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-generate-inverted-file (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-modify-distance-matrix (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-mrml-client.pl (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-old-to-new-url2fts.pl (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-one-minus (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-perl-example-server.pl (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-remove-collection.pl (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-start.pl (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-url-to-fts.pl (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gift-write-feature-descs (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

gnuift (1) - GNU Image Finding Tool - index and search images by content<\/span><\/p>\n

hal-find-by-capability (1) - find device objects by capability matching<\/span><\/p>\n

hal-find-by-property (1) - find device objects by property matching<\/span><\/p>\n

kappfinder (1) - searches for program to add to the Kde menu<\/span><\/p>\n

kfind (1) - KDE find tool<\/span><\/p>\n

locate (1) - find files by name<\/span><\/p>\n

mlocate (1) - find files by name<\/span><\/p>\n

oldfind (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy<\/span><\/p>\n

pidof (8) - find the process ID of a running program.<\/span><\/p>\n

recursdir (1) - recurse through local or remote directories to command\/find files or create tar files.<\/span><\/p>\n

runlevel (8) - find the previous and current system runlevel.<\/span><\/p>\n

sane-find-scanner (1) - find SCSI and USB scanners and their device files<\/span><\/p>\n

mount -t cifs \/\/server\/share \/dir -o username=user<\/span> (Note: this CIFS [Common Inet File Sys] format now supercedes SMBFS to mount a XP\/Vista share on Linbox via Samba. Note, Vista security requires Netcard having Netbios, port 139 enabled in Properties\/Advanced\/WINS tab)<\/p>\n

netstat -an | grep ssh<\/span> (searches for string with particular number associated eg for seeing connection state info on a network service eg ssh\/apache2 service connected or listening, [also use # nmap 127.0.0.1] )<\/p>\n

nmap -PO<\/span> x.x.x.x (uses varied pings to try penetrate a stealthed IP)<\/p>\n

tcpdump -vv eth0<\/span> ( 2 Vs - puts netcard into promiscuous listening mode to view, Very Verbosely, bcast address info, e.g. to find a lost subnet addr on a preconfigured net device with no reset to default button)<\/p>\n

socat<\/span> (netcat on steroids supposedly - look into this...)<\/p>\n

socat - TCP:localhost:www,crnl<\/span> (fetches whole webpage.html after 2 way pipe is open and GET \/ typed)<\/p>\n

GET \/<\/span><\/p>\n

vim .bashrc<\/span> (edits user .bashrc file using vim editor to get colourisation for ls -al and grep listings etc.)<\/p>\n

pwgen<\/span> (generates 8 digit passwords of varying complexity)<\/p>\n

man pwgen<\/span> (manual page for program... if it exists..or try \"info\")<\/p>\n

apt-get install linux-image*<\/span> (lists all available image names for current architecture, i386, or AMD64 etc. can search any packages using wildcard * like this also)<\/p>\n

apt-get install knemo<\/span> (config via Control Panel for taskbar network icons and info)<\/p>\n

apt-cache pkgnames | sort > pkgs.txt<\/span> (outputs all the 30000 odd package names available for install on Debian, pipes output via sort to list them alphabetically, and saves list as a textfile)<\/p>\n

apt-cache pkgnames | wc -l<\/span> (pipes packagenames via word count with a -l line switch to give a total count of all packages, = 30107 for this kernel version)<\/p>\n

uname -a<\/span> (gives full kernel version info = Linux t5500 2.6.26-1-686 #1 SMP Thu Oct 9 15:18:09 UTC 2008 i686 GNU\/Linux)<\/p>\n

scp ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa.pub username@remoteserver.com:.ssh\/auth_keys<\/span> (secure copy of public keys to remote server .ssh\/auth_keys file to enable passwordless logins\/transfers via rsync. ssh-keygen had to been run on remote and local fir dirs to exist to copy from\/to!) Mint does not allow ssh root logins, Raspbian still does 09\/2015<\/strong><\/p>\n

ssh-keygen (default prompts)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ssh-keygen -t rsa -f \/etc\/ssh\/ssh_host_rsa_key<\/span><\/p>\n

ssh-keygen -t dsa -f \/etc\/ssh\/ssh_host_dsa_key<\/span><\/p>\n

This below allows logging info from a Cisco\/WinServer to be logged by Debian in the enterprise.log. The Cisco IOS device has to be configd with:<\/p>\n

config term<\/span><\/p>\n

logging<\/span><\/p>\n

logging trap (3,4,7 level etc.)<\/span><\/p>\n

service timestamps log datetime<\/span><\/p>\n

logging on<\/span><\/p>\n

When done, stop the syslogd server with #\/etc\/init.d\/rsyslogd stop<\/p>\n

Restart with #\/etc\/ini.d\/rsyslogd restart (listens for remote log info.)<\/p>\n

file \/pkgs.txt \/bin\/vdir<\/span> (tells file types of each file)<\/p>\n

comm \/f1 \/f2<\/span> (compare two sorted files line by line)<\/p>\n

cmp<\/span> - compare two files byte by byte<\/p>\n

diff<\/span> (compare two files line by line)<\/p>\n

uniq<\/span> (remove duplicate lines without changing original file)<\/p>\n

ls -al \/bin\/ | wc -l<\/span> (the -l switch for wc is for \"lines\")<\/p>\n

ls -alsh \/mnt\/<\/span><\/p>\n

invoke<\/span> (alternative to \/etc\/init.d\/service start|stop|restart)<\/p>\n

tar -xvf filename.tar<\/span> (recursively unpacks a tarball file)<\/p>\n

wpa_passphrase essid-name wpa-password > \/etc\/wpa_supplicant\/wpa_supplicant.conf (creates a basic wpa conf file), then run:<\/p>\n

#wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c\/etc\/wpa_supplicant\/wpa_supplicant.conf<\/p>\n

(where -D is the standard linux wireless extensions driver, wext; -i is the name of wifi card (wlan0, ath0 etc.); and -c is the conf file.)<\/p>\n

NOTE: a 10 digit hex password is a 40 bit secure psk; a 26 digit hex password eg \"abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef\" is a 120 bit secure psk, and what can be input depends on the security capabilities of the ADSL wifi router\/modem<\/p>\n

Check yourself - run # wpa_passphrase linksys abcdef1234<\/span><\/p>\n

and you should get 007aca04beffb195c12dee8a15682053f77f1342713af0d0e87db8141f4cbe86<\/span> as part of the output.<\/p>\n

kill -9 pid<\/span> (pid = process ID, will terminate a locked running process, find (with grep) via<\/p>\n

ps aux<\/span><\/p>\n

Image Mounting<\/strong><\/p>\n

mount -o loop \/share\/cruzer.img \/mnt\/<\/span> (mount an image file at \/mnt of a pendrive in the same way as an .iso file using the loop function - create initial .img file with<\/p>\n

dd if=\/dev\/sdc1 of=\/share\/cruzer.img<\/span> - note that dd requires the device name not the mounted device folder name same as of=\/dev\/cdrom above)<\/p>\n

NETCAT<\/b><\/u><\/p>\n

netcat -v -w 1 localhost -z 1-3000<\/span> (netcat as port scanner - initially found in \/etc\/alternatives\/netcat in Lenny, copy it to \/usr\/sbin)<\/p>\n

On Windows:<\/p>\n

g:\/nc.exe -lp 1337 > file.zip (nc as ftp receiver on port 1377, pc B, listening)<\/p>\n

g:\/nc.exe -w 1 x.x.x.x_pc_A 1337 < file.zip (netcat as ftp server now sending on port 1337, pcA to pcB \/ dir - COOL!!!. Ports close on end file transfer.)<\/p>\n

Using pv to give visual progress sending a file, first set listening\/receiving pc,<\/p>\n

netcat -lp 4444 | pv | > \/Efat32\/Vids\/Ivette.iso<\/span><\/p>\n

cat \/iod\/Ivette\/Ivette.iso | pv | netcat 10.0.0.1 4444<\/span><\/p>\n

3.06GB 0:05:49 [9.63MB\/s] [ <=> ]<\/span><\/p>\n

No auto EOF termination using cat (process not closing automatically) for file transfers that are ok up to 7.8GB<\/p>\n

Netcat Chat Server<\/b><\/p>\n

Have you ever needed an improvised one-on-one chat? Netcat can do that too. You simply start listening to connections on some port like this:<\/p>\n

nc.exe -lp 1337<\/span> (Then on another machine simply connect to that port:)<\/p>\n

nc.exe x.x.x.x_pcA 1337<\/span> (Now start typing on either machine. When you press enter, the line will immediately show up on the other machine)<\/p>\n

Netcat Telnet Server<\/b><\/p>\n

Netcat can also be used to set up a telnet server in a matter of seconds. You can specify the shell (or for that matter any executable) you want netcat to run at a successful connection with the -e parameter:<\/p>\n

nc.exe -lp 1337 -e \/bin\/bash<\/span><\/p>\n

On windows you can use:<\/p>\n

nc.exe -lp 1337 -e cmd.exe<\/span> (to run netcat on Vista, run cmd as Admin, cd to netcat dir, and add to anti-virus exceptions at pop up box. Run >nc.exe -lp 1337 etc )<\/p>\n

Then on a client machine simply connect to port 1337 and you will get full access to the shell, with the permissions of the user who ran nc.exe on the Win server.<\/p>\n

Cloning Hard Drive Partitions Over the Network <\/b>(umounted partition required to write to remember, as dd writes to devices ONLY<\/p>\n

dd if=\/dev\/sda | netcat 192.168.0.1 9000<\/p>\n

netcat -l -p 9000 | dd of=\/dev\/sda<\/p>\n

Of course you need to have the cloned partitions unmounted on both systems. So if you are cloning \/ you will have to boot from a live distro like Knoppix. Note that you can use this technique to clone NTFS partitions as well - just need to use a live Linux distro on both sides.<\/p>\n

NTP port 123, SNTP port 583<\/b><\/p>\n

apt-get install ntp ntpdate (this will enable Net Time Prot sync for pc and will also server other pcs\/Cisco. When installed run<\/p>\n

# ntpdate-debian to auto setup the local timeservers - EASY! Note the low end Cisco units only run SNTP but will still get time\/date from an NTP server: ntp server 131.188.3.223<\/p>\n

Partition Expansion<\/b><\/p>\n

Use gparted from bootable Rescue CD in a GUI<\/p>\n

Burn CD\/DVD with no GUI software<\/b><\/p>\n

dd if=\/name.iso of=\/dev\/cdrom bs=1M<\/span><\/p>\n

or with wodim<\/p>\n

wodim \/file.iso (this is suficient to burn an iso to default cdrw device, auto found by wodim.<\/p>\n

Sparse files are files whose real allocation needs are fulfilled only when data are written inside them. If you try to read from places you haven't written before, you get zeroes - and these zeroes don't really occupy any space in your hard drive. If only one sector of data (512 bytes) gets written at some offset inside a sparse file, then a sector is all the sparse file will reserve from the file system - not the size reported by the file system!<\/p>\n

All that is required to create a 150GB sparse file under Windows is this: (From within a Cygwin command prompt) dd if=\/dev\/zero of=BigFile bs=1M count=1 seek=150000 This command will execute in 1 second, and it will only reserve 1MB of real hard drive space. Real storage will grow as needed, when data are written inside BigFile.<\/p>\n

Great trick to zero a hard drives emty space before zipping its contents as a backup file:<\/p>\n

cat \/dev\/zero > \/zero.fill<\/span><\/p>\n

This creates an emty file using all the drives remaining space, then delete it.<\/p>\n

rm -v \/zero.fill<\/span><\/p>\n

gzip \/ > \/other_drive\/backup.gzip<\/span> (or bzip2 etc.)<\/p>\n

Compare before and after size with<\/p>\n

du -h \/other_drive\/backup.gzip<\/span><\/p>\n

gpart -W \/dev\/sdx \/dev\/sdx<\/span> (guess partitions and\/or backup\/re-write lost MBR [the -W switch] back to \/dev\/sdx after partitions have been guessed correctly - HOPEFULLY!)<\/p>\n

host<\/span> is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups. It is normally<\/p>\n

used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. When no<\/p>\n

arguments or options are given, host prints a short summary of its<\/p>\n

command line arguments and options.<\/p>\n

host 127.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n

1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer Bthomehub.home.<\/p>\n

host bbc.co.uk<\/span><\/p>\n

bbc.co.uk has address 212.58.224.138.x<\/span><\/p>\n

bbc.co.uk mail is handled by 10 cluster1.eu.messagelabs.com.<\/span><\/p>\n

bbc.co.uk mail is handled by 20 cluster1a.eu.messagelabs.com.<\/span><\/p>\n

host localhost<\/span><\/p>\n

localhost has address 69.175.20.250<\/p>\n

localhost mail is handled by 0 localhost.<\/p>\n

Get user membership info:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

id stevee<\/span><\/p>\n

uid=1000(stevee) gid=1000(stevee) groups=1000(stevee),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),108(lpadmin),110(sambashare)<\/span><\/p>\n

AMDA8 stevee # id stevee -G<\/span>
\n1000 4 24 27 30 46 108 110<\/span>
\nAMDA8 stevee # cat \/etc\/group | grep stevee<\/span>
\nadm:x:4:syslog,stevee<\/span>
\ncdrom:x:24:stevee<\/span>
\nsudo:x:27:stevee<\/span>
\ndip:x:30:stevee<\/span>
\nplugdev:x:46:stevee<\/span>
\nlpadmin:x:108:stevee<\/span>
\nsambashare:x:110:stevee<\/span>
\nstevee:x:1000:<\/span><\/p>\n

nl \/etc\/samba\/smb.conf<\/span><\/p>\n

numbers lines in a file and shows contents<\/p>\n

reset<\/span> (resets terminal init to clear screen, same as<\/p>\n

setterm -reset<\/span><\/p>\n

cat > \/test.txt<\/span><\/p>\n

text to go in this file<\/span>\u00a0(followed by Ctrl-D to close)<\/p>\n

cat \/test.txt<\/span><\/p>\n

text to go in this file<\/span><\/p>\n

rev \/test.txt<\/span><\/p>\n

tset rof txet<\/span><\/p>\n

top<\/span> (shows running processes) q to quit<\/p>\n

wall<\/span> (writes a msg to all users term windows [but not an Xwindow], end with Ctrl-D, or send file content: # wall < \/file.txt)<\/p>\n

tty<\/span><\/p>\n

users<\/span> (shows all currently logged on users, except root session when root is logged in to SuperUserMode Terminal in X, only when in tty1-6 non X)<\/p>\n

root stevee<\/span><\/p>\n

w<\/span> (list all logged on users and their processes)<\/p>\n

whereis java<\/span> (locates the binary, source, and manual page files for a command)<\/p>\n

java: \/usr\/share\/java<\/span><\/p>\n

0<\/span>\u00a0(bandwidth measuring app between 2 hosts- note 195.92.195.94 is the DNS of Orange uk and handy to remember for an alternate, and a web access\/ping test)<\/p>\n

Remove unused services at startup - eg Exim<\/b><\/p>\n

Services booting are found in \/etc\/rc*.d and can be prevented from starting by changing their name, and so the link to the binary eg:<\/p>\n

OLD! use: update-rc.d<\/p>\n

# mv -v \/etc\/rc2.d\/S20exim \/etc\/rc2.d\/S_20exim<\/p>\n

#last stevee (this filters the contents of \/var\/log\/wtmp since the file was created, eg here filters info on user stevee<\/p>\n

# lastlog<\/p>\n

MAIL<\/b><\/p>\n

Cmd line mail using SendEmail<\/p>\n

https:\/\/caspian.dotconf.net\/menu\/Software\/SendEmail\/<\/p>\n

apt-get install sendemail<\/p>\n

sendEmail -t stevepedwards@gmail.com -f joeblow@spoofed.com -cc stevepedwards@gmail.com -xu stevepedwards -xp password -s smtp.gmail.com:587<\/p>\n

No -m option takes text body from STDIN: firewall:~# sendEmail -f stevepedwards@gmail.com -t stevepedwards@gmail.com -u test -s smtp.gmail.com:587 -xu stevepedwards -xp password -m helo me<\/p>\n

Jun 28 23:15:49 firewall sendEmail[1575]: Email was sent successfully!<\/p>\n

Or pipe a file into the above eg:<\/p>\n

cat \/textfile.txt | sendEmail -t stevepedwards@gmail.com -f joeblow@spoofed.com -cc stevepedwards@gmail.com -xu stevepedwards -xp password -s smtp.gmail.com:587<\/p>\n

apt-get install chkconfig<\/p>\n

chkconfig --list | grep '3:on'<\/p>\n

#service apache2<\/p>\n

Delete All Mail Messages:<\/p>\n

#echo 'd *' | mail -N<\/p>\n

Delete All Mail Messages: For Any User<\/p>\n

#echo 'd *' | mail -N -u username<\/p>\n

Another way to use the mail command from the Linux CLI is to get information from a server and email it to yourself or someone else. For instance I may want to review a log file on another computer or have another systems administrator who may or may not have access to the server to view a log file. In the below example we will use the access.log file as an example Apache log that we want to email to ourselves so use the below command to do so.<\/p>\n

# more \/file.txt | mail user@example.com<\/a><\/p>\n

#socat SYSTEM:date -<\/p>\n

#date<\/p>\n

To change the system date use:<\/p>\n

# date {mmddhhmiyyyy.ss}<\/p>\n

o mm Month<\/p>\n

o dd Date<\/p>\n

o hh 24 hour format<\/p>\n

o mi Minutes<\/p>\n

o yyyy Year<\/p>\n

o ss seconds<\/p>\n

eg: to set system date to Jan 31st 2009, 10:19 p.m, 53 seconds<\/strong><\/p>\n

date 013122192009.53<\/span><\/p>\n

To set the time only:<\/p>\n

date +%T -s \"22:19:53\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Use hwclock without any parameter, to view the current hardware date and time:<\/p>\n

hwclock<\/span><\/p>\n

set the hardware date and time based on the system date as shown below:<\/p>\n

hwclock --systohc<\/span><\/p>\n

hwclock --systohc --utc<\/span><\/p>\n

date --date='360 days ago'<\/span> (can be seconds, minutes, months etc. ago)<\/p>\n

Sat Aug 16 20:24:18 CEST 2008<\/p>\n

Show Future dates and Times\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

date --date=\"1 week\"<\/span> (can be sec, min, hour, day etc.)<\/p>\n

Tue Aug 18 20:28:24 CEST 2009<\/p>\n

Login to Remote Host using SSH<\/p>\n

ssh -v 127.0.0.1<\/span> (shows debug info)<\/p>\n

To come back to the localhost temporarily, without logging out of remote ssh session, type the escape character (after editing \/etc\/ssh\/ssh_config and removing # from EscapeChar = ~): ~ and ^Z. When back to own console you can see the stopped session by running #<\/p>\n

jobs<\/span><\/p>\n

mount -o loop \/share\/iomegadeb.img \/mnt<\/span><\/p>\n

I fixed my \"too small\", application X font mismatch with HDMI TV resolution by adding this to xorg.conf:<\/p>\n

Option \"NoDDC\"<\/p>\n

to Section \"Device\"<\/p>\n

If the above change improves your system, but the result is less than 100% to your satisfaction, you can tweak sizes up or down by making the DisplaySize dimensions slightly larger or smaller than actual.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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<\/path><\/svg><\/i> \"Loading\"<\/p>\n

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lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 1.4T 0 disk \/dev\/sda1 8:1 0 1.4T 0 part \/1500GB sdb 8:16 0 931.5G 0 disk \/dev\/sdb1 8:17 0 931.5G 0 part \/Quadra sdc 8:32 0 149.1G 0 disk \u00e2\u201d\u00e2\u201d\u20acsdc1 8:33 0 142.6G 0 part \/ \u00e2\u201d\u00e2\u201d\u20acsdc2 8:34 0 1K 0 part \/dev\/sdc5 8:37 ...\u00a0 Some Linux One Line Cmds<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-post"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":0,"today_views":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10122"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10123,"href":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10122\/revisions\/10123"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevepedwards.today\/DebianAdmin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}